Research and Outline of Speech for 04-05-06
Intro:
The sky is blue. No really it is! You don't believe me, consult yourself, I trust an expert on colour perception... Look up out there... see? Like I told you: the sky is blue. Thank you. Oh?... you want more than that? Fine; would ya believe me if I told you what x y and The National Weather Service think?
At one point I actually listened to this explanation. I assume you all have too, but in case you haven't...
I will go over it here as briefly and concisely as I can.
Body:
You see; your elders say that the sky is blue because that's what colour you see when you look at the sky most days... like today. And you gotta believe 'em cuz they're right. It boils down to what your typical eye sees when gazing at your typical sky.
That was good enough for me as a child, but not for the scientists who had to get in on the act. Enter Geeorge Wald:
George Wald says the sky is blue because of all the cones in your eyes. He was the one who led to the research and discovery that your eye contains three types of cone receptors: red green and blue. Of these the blue are the dencest and most sensitive. You can trust him because over the years, Wald won numerous awards in addition to the Nobel Prize (1967), including the Eli Lilly Award in 1939, the Lasker Prize in 1953, and the Rumford Prize of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1959.
His advancements led to many other scientists analyzing other aspects of this question. Scientists such as Tyndall and Rayleigh... Tyndall's discovery - What became known as the Tyndall Effect, had a lot to do with milk... This was the embodiment of what Rayleigh's studies speculated.
Rayleigh scattering; named after Lord John Rayleigh, an English physicist, who first described it in the 1870's, is the process of light being absorbed by and reflected by gasses.
blue light is scattered more than red light by a factor of (700/400)4 ~= 10
-Gas molecules are smaller than the wavelength of visible light. If light bumps into them, it acts differently. When light hits a gas molecule, some of it may get absorbed. After awhile, the molecule radiates (releases, or gives off) the light in a different direction. The color that is radiated is the same color that was absorbed. The different colors of light are affected differently. All of the colors can be absorbed. But the higher frequencies (blues) are absorbed more often than the lower frequencies (reds).
But what better authority to consult on the matter than The National Weather Service. With any number of scientists, meteorologists and other professionals under their belts, they've gotta know what they're talking about. According to them:
The sun emits visible light. The visible light is made up of different colors from violet (shortest wavelength) to red (longest wavelength). The atmosphere is made of tiny molecules (nitrogen, oxygen, dust, etc.) which allows the most scattering to occur with the shortest wavelengths, which for light are violet and blue. This kind of scattering is called Rayleigh scattering. Rayleigh scattering by definition is "a scattering process produced by spherical particles whose radii are smaller than about one-tenth the wavelength of the scattered radiation" (Glossary of Meteorology). So as light encounters atmospheric particles, the violet and blue colors of the color spectrum is scattered much more than the colors that have a longer wavelength (red). Since violet has the shortest wavelength, the sky should be violet, but because our eyes are more sensitive to blue we see a blue sky.
Conclusion:
SO back to my case points:
The atmosphere
Light waves: vibrating electric and magnetic fields
-At a speed of 299,792 km/sec these waves hit your eyes.
Light's colours
Light hitting particulate matter
So it's like I told you, the sky is blue. At least according to x, y, and z; it appears blue. And that's really all that matters. Case, grounds, points, info, authority. You see, even if you are colour-blind, or for some strange reason, don't believe me... Trust me on this one, the facts are there, (lean forward) The sky is blue.
Reference:
http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/sky_blue.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue
http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/General/BlueSky/blue_sky.html
http://www.euronet.nl/users/hnl/tyndall.htm
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/atmos/blusky.html#c2
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/shv/Meteorological_Inquiries.htm
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/colcon.html
http://staff.washington.edu/chudler/facts.html
http://newton.nap.edu/html/biomems/gwald.html
The sky is blue. No really it is! You don't believe me, consult yourself, I trust an expert on colour perception... Look up out there... see? Like I told you: the sky is blue. Thank you. Oh?... you want more than that? Fine; would ya believe me if I told you what x y and The National Weather Service think?
At one point I actually listened to this explanation. I assume you all have too, but in case you haven't...
I will go over it here as briefly and concisely as I can.
Body:
You see; your elders say that the sky is blue because that's what colour you see when you look at the sky most days... like today. And you gotta believe 'em cuz they're right. It boils down to what your typical eye sees when gazing at your typical sky.
That was good enough for me as a child, but not for the scientists who had to get in on the act. Enter Geeorge Wald:
George Wald says the sky is blue because of all the cones in your eyes. He was the one who led to the research and discovery that your eye contains three types of cone receptors: red green and blue. Of these the blue are the dencest and most sensitive. You can trust him because over the years, Wald won numerous awards in addition to the Nobel Prize (1967), including the Eli Lilly Award in 1939, the Lasker Prize in 1953, and the Rumford Prize of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1959.
His advancements led to many other scientists analyzing other aspects of this question. Scientists such as Tyndall and Rayleigh... Tyndall's discovery - What became known as the Tyndall Effect, had a lot to do with milk... This was the embodiment of what Rayleigh's studies speculated.
Rayleigh scattering; named after Lord John Rayleigh, an English physicist, who first described it in the 1870's, is the process of light being absorbed by and reflected by gasses.
blue light is scattered more than red light by a factor of (700/400)4 ~= 10
-Gas molecules are smaller than the wavelength of visible light. If light bumps into them, it acts differently. When light hits a gas molecule, some of it may get absorbed. After awhile, the molecule radiates (releases, or gives off) the light in a different direction. The color that is radiated is the same color that was absorbed. The different colors of light are affected differently. All of the colors can be absorbed. But the higher frequencies (blues) are absorbed more often than the lower frequencies (reds).
But what better authority to consult on the matter than The National Weather Service. With any number of scientists, meteorologists and other professionals under their belts, they've gotta know what they're talking about. According to them:
The sun emits visible light. The visible light is made up of different colors from violet (shortest wavelength) to red (longest wavelength). The atmosphere is made of tiny molecules (nitrogen, oxygen, dust, etc.) which allows the most scattering to occur with the shortest wavelengths, which for light are violet and blue. This kind of scattering is called Rayleigh scattering. Rayleigh scattering by definition is "a scattering process produced by spherical particles whose radii are smaller than about one-tenth the wavelength of the scattered radiation" (Glossary of Meteorology). So as light encounters atmospheric particles, the violet and blue colors of the color spectrum is scattered much more than the colors that have a longer wavelength (red). Since violet has the shortest wavelength, the sky should be violet, but because our eyes are more sensitive to blue we see a blue sky.
Conclusion:
SO back to my case points:
The atmosphere
Light waves: vibrating electric and magnetic fields
-At a speed of 299,792 km/sec these waves hit your eyes.
Light's colours
Light hitting particulate matter
So it's like I told you, the sky is blue. At least according to x, y, and z; it appears blue. And that's really all that matters. Case, grounds, points, info, authority. You see, even if you are colour-blind, or for some strange reason, don't believe me... Trust me on this one, the facts are there, (lean forward) The sky is blue.
Reference:
http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/sky_blue.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue
http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/General/BlueSky/blue_sky.html
http://www.euronet.nl/users/hnl/tyndall.htm
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/atmos/blusky.html#c2
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/shv/Meteorological_Inquiries.htm
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/colcon.html
http://staff.washington.edu/chudler/facts.html
http://newton.nap.edu/html/biomems/gwald.html
posted by Shannon Hollender @ 4:05 PM
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